Orwell Country Park is home to a wide variety of species across the year. Discover their different habitats and at what time of the year you are most likely to encounter them.

Habitats

Ancient Woodland

Ancient Woodlands in England are designated as land, which have been continuously wooded since 1600 AD and contain rare or unusual species due to the low level of physical disturbance over a long period of time. Much of the ancient woodland in Bridge Wood was felled to be replaced with plantation woodland in the post-war period, though some individual trees from the original wood survive. Braziers Wood also retains ancient trees and associated species.

Heathland

Heathland is a man-made habitat emerging where trees were cleared from areas with sandy, acidic and nutrient-poor soils in Southern Britain (usually for grazing) and is a priority for nature conservation as it is a rare and threatened habitat. Lowland heathland is a characteristically open landscape, dominated by low-growing, acid-tolerant vegetation such as heather, gorses and certain grasses, and is generally found below 300 metres in altitude. If uncontrolled (e.g. by cutting or grazing) seedlings such as gorse and silver birch readily establish on heathland, shading out the underlying heath vegetation.

Alder Carr

The carr woodland in Orwell Country Park is dominated by alder and birch trees with potential for shrubs such as guelder rose, buckthorn, dog rose and brambles. The areas are characterised by damp or wet soil conditions and are shady from dense foliage and an abundance of ferns. In the past, wet woodland would have been commonplace in Britain, particularly within poorly drained river valleys. Although small in size at Orwell Country Park, the national rarity of wet woodlands in the UK makes this habitat a feature of interest for the site.

Grassland

The areas of woodland across Orwell Country Park are intercepted by areas of rough grassland, providing a range of habitats for the wildlife, and areas of recreation for its users. Piper’s Vale contains important areas of acid grassland alongside the lowland heath habitats and meadowland associated with the former airport, which provides habitat for skylarks, small mammals and large populations of reptiles including grass snake and common lizard. 

Estuary

The Orwell estuary is of international importance for wildlife providing habitats for approximately 50,000 over-wintering geese, wading birds and fish that are attracted by the vast numbers of invertebrates living in the mudflats. The estuary includes extensive mud-flats, low cliffs, salt marsh and small areas of vegetated shingle on the lower reaches. The estuary is designated as a Special Protection Area (SPA), a Site of Special Scienti­fic Interest (SSSI) and as a Ramsar site.

Species

Orwell Country Park is home to a wide variety of species across the year. Below is just a small selection of the many species of interest found across the site and at what time of the year you are most likely to encounter them:

Birds

• Skylark – spring and summer nesting
• Peregrine Falcon – summer for young on the bridge
• Nightingale - spring
• Black Tailed Godwit - winter
• Golden Plover - winter
• Avocet – all year

Insects

• Stag Beetle - autumn
• Emperor Dragonfly – summer
• Clouded Yellow - summer
• Red Admiral - summer

Reptiles and Amphibians

• Common Lizards – spring – autumn
• Grass snake – spring – autumn
• Slow Worm – spring – autumn

Plants, Fungi and Trees

• Sea Lettuce – all year
• Scarlet Elf Cups – summer- autumn
• Ancient Oak – all year
• Corsican Pine – all year
• Sulphur Cinquefoil –  summer
• Bluebell – spring
• Early Purple Orchid – spring